China's rural village committee election has gone through more than 40 years with strong historical continuity. Its evolution logic and internal motivation can be explained by the analytical framework of “resource⁃benefit”. Through this framework， the paper investigates the process of village committee election in Y village of Fei county in southern Shandong Province， and finds that village committee election can be seen as the result of the interaction between collective resources， individual resources and collective interests， individual interests from the perspective of the village. It is the exertion of the internal resources and interests of the village collective that makes the election process of the village committee of Y village present four stages in turn： the “pure” election， “profit seeking” election， “brokerage” election and “back feeding” election. In terms of its internal motivation， different evolution stages are promoted by different combinations of internal resources and interests of the village collective and different dominant positions. The analytical framework of “resource⁃benefit” is also of great significance for understanding and judging the trend of village committee election under the background of rural revitalization.