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江苏省社会科学院 农村发展研究所,江苏 南京 210004
Received:14 April 2022,
Revised:05 August 2022,
Published:31 March 2023
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周春芳.性别视角下我国农民工的自我雇佣与收入效应 [J]. 山西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2023,22(2):115⁃124.
ZHOU Chunfang.Gender difference in the self-employment choice and it's income effect of Chinese rural migrants [J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),2023,22(2):115⁃124.
周春芳.性别视角下我国农民工的自我雇佣与收入效应 [J]. 山西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2023,22(2):115⁃124. DOI: 10.13842/j.cnki.issn1671-816X.2023.02.013.
ZHOU Chunfang.Gender difference in the self-employment choice and it's income effect of Chinese rural migrants [J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Social Science Edition),2023,22(2):115⁃124. DOI: 10.13842/j.cnki.issn1671-816X.2023.02.013.
自我雇佣是农民工实现经济和社会融合的重要途径。本研究利用CLDS2014调查数据,采用Heckman两步法,在纠正样本选择性偏误的基础上,考察了农民工自我雇佣及其收入效应的性别差异。结果发现,女性农民工从事自我雇佣的比例较低,且生存型比例高、经营规模小、经营绩效劣于男性,女性自雇者的收入水平低于男性。人力资本、社会资本及社会性别分工与家庭角色的不同,致使男女农民工从事自雇活动的动机差异较大,并最终导致自雇者较大的性别收入差距。为此,公共政策应将性别意识纳入政府决策范畴,为女性农民工创业提供更多的政策支持,以促进我国“以人为本”城镇化目标的实现。
Self-employers are easier to realize their economic and social assimilation than employees in urban labor market. Using CLDS2014 and Heckman two-stage model to overcome the heterogeneity, the paper studied gender difference in self-employment and it's income effect of Chinese rural migrants. The result shows: Compared with male migrants, fewer female migrants engage in self-employment activities; instead they prefer to engage in survival self-employment with small-scale and poor business performance, thus their choice of self-employment can only bring lower income returns than their male counterparts. Low human capital and poor social capital together with traditional gender segment, result in gender difference in self-employ motivation, and eventually bring about female self-employers' lower income. Thus, in order to accelerate the realization of the goal of Chinese urbanization, gender awareness should be taken into public policy, which can provide more policy support for female migrants' self-employment.
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