Strengthening and improving the emergency supply system for important agricultural products is an important guarantee for effectively responding to major natural disasters and public emergencies. Based on field research and data collation， this paper summarizes the specific performance of the emergency supply system during COVID-19 pandemic， reflects on the rationality of maintaining a high grain reserve rate and setting up a directory of emergency supply enterprises， and evaluates the improvememt path for the logistics system proposed by the theoretical circle.. After comparing the performance of the emergency supply system during the pandemic， it found that：（1）maintaining a high level of raw grain reserves is neither economical nor effective； （2）the government’s indiscriminate coordination of different types of enterprises in emergencies weakens the establishment and classification of emergency supply enterprises；（3）the rapidly strengthened government forces when an emergency occurs hinder the function of the market mechanism， and challenge the idea of improving the supply chain system based on the market mechanism. Therefore，we should emphasize the administrative intervention in the short term. Only by realizing the temporary strengthening of administrative power in emergencies can we choose a more appropriate emergency supply strategy. However， it is necessary to build a systematic and efficient emergency supply system for agricultural products in the long run.