Based on the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Central Rural Work Conference， in combination with the historical logic， realistic situation， and challenges， rooted in China’s long history and institutional characteristics， comparing the common characteristics of developed countries in the world to promote agricultural modernization， this paper defines the historical orientation， realistic basis， and future development direction of the construction of agricultural powerhouse. Starting from the requirements of China’s modernization and the construction of socialist modern power in agriculture， this paper analyzes the scientific significance and national characteristics of China’s agricultural power construction in the new era and new journey. From the perspective of strengthening the agricultural management system， building a modern and efficient market system， and enhancing the driving force of scientific and technological innovation， this paper discusses constructing the key supporting system for building an agricultural powerhouse.