Rural land transfer and protection of farmers' rights and interests are important issues of grassroots governance. In the process of rural land transfer， the role of the grassroots government directly affects the status and effectiveness of agricultural land transfer， and the "scenario-conflict-adaptation" analysis framework is introduced in consideration of the involvement of capital enterprises in agricultural land transfer. From the specific scenarios of the two-party game between farmers and capital enterprises under the role of government guidance， between farmers and the grassroots government under the government leadership， and the three-party game between farmers， capital enterprises and the grassroots government under the government supervision， we further clarify the evolutionary stabilization strategies and interactions of each interest body under the divergent roles of the government， and explore the mechanism of conflicts in the game of agricultural land transfer and how to reconcile the conflicts of farmers' rights and interests. In order to break the deadlock of the frequent damage to the rights and interests of farmers， the government should speed up its role transition and strategic adjustment， ensuring the sharing of the interests of the main body of the "capital enterprise - farmers"， innovating the stakeholders' incentive mechanism for cooperation， improving the relevant systems for the transfer of agricultural land， thus promoting the healthy and orderly transfer of agricultural land.