The new-quality productive forces outline a new direction for agricultural digital transformation in China. In theory, the new-quality productive forces is the core power for high-quality development of agriculture digitization and can empower agricultural digitization based on the relationship between production factors. From international practice perspective, the digital and intelligent transformation of production factors with core technology and key system under institutional design is a necessary process for the development of agriculture digitization. Based on China’s national conditions, it is the breakthrough to cultivate new-quality labor force, reconstruct new-quality labor object and upgrade new-quality labor materials. Therefore, in the process of developing agriculture digitization, efforts can be made in aspects such as institutional design, talent cultivation, scientific and technological R & D , and infrastructure investment. The innovation ecological center can be established by joint R & D mechanism among departments. The talents development center of agriculture built by multi-layer talent reserve mechanism, the big data root service center built by industry interconnection ecosystem, and the comprehensive service center built by industry hardware support system.