Against the backdrop of an accelerated restructuring of the global grain system， rising external uncertainty， and the normalization of extreme climate risks， China's food security agenda is shifting from "quantity assurance" toward "system security and resilience enhancement". In the 15th Five⁃Year Plan period， state farm enterprises， as the "national team" of safeguarding national food security and ensuring the effective supply of key agricultural products， play a pivotal role in building resilience across grain industrial and supply chains—an endeavor that is not only crucial for stabilizing production and supply， but also for anchoring expectations， stabilizing prices， and maintaining market order， thus carrying significant strategic importance. Based on theories of industrial⁃chain and supply⁃chain resilience， and taking into account the biological nature， seasonality， geographic dispersion， and public⁃good characteristics of agricultural value chains， this paper develops a four⁃dimensional analytical framework of resilience—"resistance， adaptation， recovery， and upgrading". It systematically identifies the new situations confronting state farm enterprises during the 15th Five⁃Year Plan period： increasing uncertainty in the external environment， the reshaping of domestic supply⁃demand structures and value⁃chain logic， and shifts in governance and technological paradigms. The paper proposes an integrated "four⁃in⁃one" pathway for improving resilience in grain industrial and supply chains： strengthening fundamentals， extending and reinforcing the chain， technology empowerment， and collaborative integration. It underscores production⁃end resilience as the foundation， whole⁃chain coordination as the key， data⁃driven governance as the support， and institutionalized multi⁃actor coordination as the guarantee， there by promoting a transition of resilience from restorative to evolutionary.