High quality development of agriculture is the premise and foundation of rural revitalization， the endogenous power support of rural revitalization， and the important task of promoting the transformation of new and old kinetic energy. This paper initially constructs the index system of agricultural high⁃quality development， comprehensively evaluates the agricultural high⁃quality development level of six provinces in Central China from 2014 to 2018 by using AHP entropy weight method， focuses on the comparative analysis of the overall level of agricultural high⁃quality development in Anhui Province， and diagnoses and analyzes the constraints of agricultural high⁃quality development in Anhui Province with the help of obstacle degree formula. The conclusions are as follows： （1） during the investigation period， the high⁃quality development of agriculture in Anhui Province showed a fluctuating upward trend， but the level of development quality was low， and there was still a large room for improvement compared with other provinces in Central China. （2） Through the obstacle factor diagnosis analysis， it is found that the proportion of the number of employees in the primary industry in the total number of employees， planting structure index and product quality level are the most critical factors restricting the high⁃quality development of agriculture in Anhui Province. Based on this， this paper puts forward some policy suggestions， such as strengthening the quality brand promotion of agricultural products， promoting the transformation and upgrading of agriculture， promoting the integrated development of primary， secondary and tertiary industries， constructing the ecological compensation mechanism， optimizing the allocation of resources， and taking the road of green and sustainable development.