Over the past hundred years， guided by Marxist theory and centering on the historical tasks and reform objectives of different periods， the Communist Party of China has successively formed a land peasant ownership system and a land collective ownership system with highly concentrated land property rights in individual or rural collectives， the land contract management system with initial separation of ownership and contracted management rights， and the land "three rights separation" system with further freeing management rights. In the process of evolution of land system， the party's realistic consideration of politics， society and people's livelihood in different periods are interwoven with the party's innovative application and rich development of Marx's property right theory in the reform practice with historical logic and practical logic. In view of this， analyzing the historical changes of China's rural land system based on Marx's property right theory will help to deepen the reflection on rural land property right system， absorb the spiritual power of Marx's land property right theory， explore the practical laws in land system reform， which can provide guidance for the "separation of powers" land system reform in the new era and clarify the development logic of land system in the future.